Modify nvpmodel Power Mode (BSP-side)

Purpose

Edit the per-board nvpmodel configuration so the device boots with the desired power-mode set, CPU/GPU/EMC/TPC clamps, and default mode. BSP-side only — all writes land in the overlay tracker, the upstream bsp_image copy is read-only.

This skill handles BSP-side edits to the per-board nvpmodel configuration file: adding modes, removing modes, editing CPU/GPU/EMC/TPC clamps, and changing the boot default. Applies on Jetson / Tegra platforms (T234 Orin, T264 Thor).

File format (canonical, per the BSP file header)

# 1. PARAM definitions — declare named knobs and their sysfs paths
< PARAM TYPE=FILE  NAME=<param_name> >
<arg_name> </absolute/sysfs/path>
...
< PARAM TYPE=CLOCK NAME=<param_name> >
FREQ_TABLE        </sysfs/.../available_frequencies>
MAX_FREQ          </sysfs/.../max_freq>
MIN_FREQ          </sysfs/.../min_freq>
FREQ_TABLE_KNEXT  </sysfs/.../available_frequencies>     # kernel-NEXT variant
MAX_FREQ_KNEXT    </sysfs/.../max_freq>
MIN_FREQ_KNEXT    </sysfs/.../min_freq>

# 2. POWER_MODEL definitions — one block per profile
< POWER_MODEL ID=<int> NAME=<string> >
PARAM_NAME ARG_NAME <value>
...

# 3. PM_CONFIG — mandatory; selects boot default
< PM_CONFIG DEFAULT=<id> >

Rules:

• For TYPE=FILE, <value> is a string (0, 1, on, auto, …).
• For TYPE=CLOCK, <value> is an integer (Hz for clocks, raw integer for masks).
• -1 for a CLOCK value means INT_MAX (no cap).
• The header < … > line must start at column 0 with a space after < and before >. Strict.
• Every PARAM_NAME referenced in a POWER_MODEL must already be declared above.
• Frequency values must come from the kernel's available_frequencies table for that clock — values not in the table get silently rounded.
• CORE_0 cannot be offlined; at least one CPU core must remain online in every profile.
• Copy PARAM names verbatim from an existing POWER_MODEL block in the per-board file — chip families differ (T234 Orin uses CPU_A78_<n> for CPU clusters; T264 Thor uses a different convention). Don't invent.

Prerequisites

Resolve the active profile per ../../context/target-platform-contract.md. Refuse and route in these cases:

Condition	Refuse with
No active profile, or active: NA	Route to /jetson-set-target or /jetson-init-target.
Profile lacks bsp_image: block	Route to /jetson-init-image.
<bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/ missing	Route to /jetson-init-image.
<source.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/ missing or not a git repo	Route to /jetson-init-source.

Resolve paths:

• <bsp_image.root_path> from bsp_image.root_path: if present, else <workspace>/Image.
• <source.root_path> from source.root_path: if present, else <workspace>/Source.

<bsp_image.root_path> is read-only for this skill; every write lands under <source.root_path> (the overlay tracker). This is the workflow invariant in ../../context/bsp-customization-workflow.md#workflow-invariants — hand-editing upstream silently destroys the diff trail and makes /jetson-promote-image a noop.

The per-board file

The conf this skill edits has the relative path:

Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/nvpmodel_<active-sku>.conf

It lives in two roots; the skill walks both:

Role	Location	Skill writes?
Detection + pristine source	<bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/	no — read-only
Overlay edit target + git commit	<source.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/	yes

Subsequent sections refer to the per-board file to mean the overlay copy under <source.root_path>. Operations 1–4 all read, edit, and save against that overlay copy. The <bsp_image.root_path> copy is read once during the "Resolving <active-sku>" detection step and once during the Overlay edit recipe's pristine-import step, then never touched again.

Resolving <active-sku> — which file to edit

The filename is not always module.id + "_" + module.sku. Variants exist:

• nvpmodel_p3767_0000_super.conf (super-mode SKU variant)
• nvpmodel_igx_orin.conf, nvpmodel_igx_orin_safety.conf (IGX, no SKU number)

At boot, nvpower.sh (at Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/systemd/nvpower.sh) reads the kernel DTB's root compatible string and maps it — plus super/safety state — to the nvpmodel filename. Replicate that mapping BSP-side, against <bsp_image.root_path>:

1. Resolve the SKU-correct kernel DTB under <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/ and read its root compatible (detect kernel DTB from the active flash conf).
2. Read <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/systemd/nvpower.sh to find the compatible-string → conf mapping, and apply it to the compatible from the previous step (factoring in super/safety flags).
3. Verify the resolved nvpmodel_<...>.conf exists under <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/.

Shortcut: filter <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/ to nvpmodel_<module.id>_<module.sku>*.conf; for super-mode flash configs pick the _super variant. Use only when unambiguous; otherwise fall back to the DTB method.

Don't blindly compose nvpmodel_<id>_<sku>.conf — verify the file actually exists.

Propagation set — confs to keep in sync

The active-SKU file is rarely the only conf that should carry a customization. After editing it, apply the same edit to every sibling in the propagation set so the change survives regardless of which module / baseboard SKU is booted:

• The reference platform's nvpmodel conf — the upstream conf the active file was forked from (resolve via reference_devkit in the active profile, or jetson-derive-carrier fork ancestry). For a BSP that contains only the reference (no derived carriers), this is the same file as the active and the rule reduces to a no-op.
• Every carrier-derived nvpmodel conf — each nvpmodel_*.conf produced by jetson-derive-carrier for a custom carrier on top of the same module SKU.
• _super siblings when present (e.g. nvpmodel_p3767_0000_super.conf) — apply the structural edit (new POWER_MODEL block, removed block, PM_CONFIG DEFAULT= flip, NAME rename) but preserve the super conf's higher MAX_FREQ / MIN_FREQ caps. Those elevated caps are the whole reason the _super variant exists; a blanket content overwrite from the non-super file would silently flatten the super envelope.

"Apply the same edit" ≠ blanket file copy. Port the changed POWER_MODEL / PARAM lines into each sibling; preserve every other line. Blanket-copying is safe only when both confs were byte-identical before the edit. Otherwise re-validate per the Rules on each target (available-frequencies table for clock values, ID uniqueness, PM_CONFIG DEFAULT= references a present ID) — sibling confs may carry SKU-specific available_frequencies tables that don't accept the active file's frequency values.

Overlay edit recipe (apply before any Operation)

Follow the canonical Off-skill edits recipe in the workflow doc — pristine import + customization commit pair, both gated by the preview gate. Apply once per run, covering every per-board file the run touches (the active conf plus every sibling in the Propagation set).

Concrete substitutions for this skill:

• <rel>/<file> is rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/<conf>.
• Suggested pristine-import message: import pristine: <comma-separated rel paths of imported confs>, body Source: <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/ (BSP <bsp_image.version>).
• Suggested customization-commit header: jetson-customize-nvpmodel: <summary>, body lines like nvpmodel_p3767_0001.conf: PM_CONFIG DEFAULT 2 -> 0 (MAXN).

Instructions

Pick the operation that matches the user's intent and follow the matching subsection. All write-side operations (1–4) must first apply the Overlay edit recipe.

• Operation 1 — Add a new power mode (drives the NVIDIA Power Estimator).
• Operation 2 — Remove a power mode.
• Operation 3 — Edit an existing power mode (clamps, core-online, NAME).
• Operation 4 — Change the boot default (PM_CONFIG DEFAULT=).
• Operation 5 — List defined power modes (read-only).

After any write-side operation, run the Deploy chain (## Deploy) to land the change on the device.

Examples

Add a new 30 W power mode from a Power Estimator export and pin it as the boot default on a P3767-0001 target:

/jetson-customize-nvpmodel
> add a new POWER_MODEL from ~/Downloads/nvpmodel_30W.conf as ID 8 NAME "30W_CUSTOM"
> set PM_CONFIG DEFAULT to 8

Cap a Thor target to the MAXN power envelope by flipping the boot default (no envelope tuning needed):

/jetson-customize-nvpmodel
> set PM_CONFIG DEFAULT to the MAXN profile's ID

List which power modes the active SKU currently defines and which is the boot default:

/jetson-customize-nvpmodel
> list defined power modes

Operation 1 — Add a new power mode

Apply the Overlay edit recipe first.

Generate the profile via the Power Estimator

Must not interpolate or extrapolate frequencies from existing profiles to estimate power.

For any non-stock power envelope (custom budget, custom workload), use the NVIDIA Power Estimator: https://jetson-tools.nvidia.com/powerestimator/

• Pick the exact module SKU and JetPack release.
• Enter workload (CPU cores, GPU usage, EMC, codecs, camera, display).
• Estimate power budget.
• Download custom nvpmodel.conf.
• Share the downloaded nvpmodel.conf file path.

Append the POWER_MODEL block

In the per-board file, insert the new block after the last < PARAM … > declaration (POWER_MODEL must reference declared PARAMs) and before the final < PM_CONFIG ... > line. The block structure is the File format shown above; frequency values come from the Power Estimator output (see "Generate the profile via the Power Estimator").

Check ID is unique; NAME should be uppercase, no whitespace. Each numeric MAX_FREQ / MIN_FREQ value must satisfy the available_frequencies rule (see Rules). If you intend this mode to be the boot default, follow Operation 4.

Operation 2 — Remove a power mode

Apply the Overlay edit recipe first.

1. In the per-board file, delete the entire < POWER_MODEL ID=<n> NAME=... > block including all its parameter lines, up to (but not including) the next < POWER_MODEL ... > or < PM_CONFIG ... > marker.
2. If the deleted ID matches the current DEFAULT=<id> value in the trailing < PM_CONFIG … > line, point DEFAULT= at a remaining ID — otherwise nvpmodel will fail to apply a default at boot.
3. Search for hard-coded references in the rootfs scripts before declaring the change safe:

   grep -rn "nvpmodel -m" \
     Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc \
     Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/opt 2>/dev/null
   

ID gaps are legal — you don't have to renumber remaining modes.

Operation 3 — Edit an existing power mode

Apply the Overlay edit recipe first.

1. In the per-board file, edit the parameter lines inside the block. Keep <param> and <arg> names exactly matching the PARAM declarations.
2. If the edit changes the power envelope (any CPU/GPU/EMC/PVA/DLA MAX_FREQ / MIN_FREQ, core-online count for a freq-bound mode, or TPC mask), re-run the NVIDIA Power Estimator (see "Generate the profile via the Power Estimator") to ground the new frequencies in a real per-component model. Do not interpolate from neighboring modes.
3. Validate clock values per the available_frequencies rule (see Rules).

Edits that only toggle core-online flags within an already-validated envelope, or only change NAME=, don't need the Power Estimator pass.

Operation 4 — Change the boot default

Apply the Overlay edit recipe first.

Edit the < PM_CONFIG DEFAULT=<id> > line at the bottom of the per-board file.

<id> must reference an existing < POWER_MODEL ID=<id> … > block in the same file. Pointing at an undefined ID makes nvpmodel fail to apply at boot.

Operation 5 — List defined power modes

This is a read-only operation; no overlay-tracker setup is needed. Run against whichever copy you want to inspect (<bsp_image.root_path>/... for the pristine state, <source.root_path>/... for the post-edit state):

grep -E '^< POWER_MODEL ' <per-board file>
grep -E '^< PM_CONFIG '   <per-board file>

The first command prints every ID/NAME; the second prints the current boot default. On a running target, nvpmodel -p --verbose (or nvpmodel -q) is authoritative.

Limitations

• BSP-side scope only — this skill never invokes nvpmodel -m on a running target. Live mode switching requires reboot via Deploy, or the side-channel scp + nvpmodel -m flow described in ## Deploy.
• Edits land in the overlay copy under <source.root_path> only; the <bsp_image.root_path> copy is read-only and is rewritten by /jetson-promote-image. Hand-editing bsp_image is silently lost on the next /jetson-init-image re-extract.
• Frequency values must come from the kernel's available_frequencies table for the relevant clock — values outside the table get silently rounded. This skill does not validate against a live target's table; trust the per-board file's existing values and Power Estimator output.
• Non-trivial envelope edits (any CPU/GPU/EMC/PVA/DLA MAX_FREQ / MIN_FREQ change) require the NVIDIA Power Estimator (https://jetson-tools.nvidia.com/powerestimator/) — interpolation or extrapolation between existing modes is not supported.
• Propagation across siblings is partial by design: only the changed POWER_MODEL / PARAM lines are ported, never a blanket file overwrite, since _super siblings carry elevated MAX_FREQ/MIN_FREQ caps that must stay intact.
• PARAM names are chip-family-specific (e.g. CPU_A78_<n> on T234, different on T264). Copy verbatim from existing POWER_MODEL blocks; invented names silently fail to apply.

Troubleshooting

Error	Cause	Solution
nvpmodel fails to apply default at boot	PM_CONFIG DEFAULT=<id> references a deleted or missing POWER_MODEL ID	Point DEFAULT= at an existing < POWER_MODEL ID=<n> ... > in the same file.
Frequency value silently doesn't take effect	Value not in the kernel's available_frequencies table for that clock	Replace with the nearest legal value from the running target's available_frequencies (or Power Estimator output).
MAX_FREQ -1 does nothing	-1 on a TYPE=FILE PARAM (only valid for TYPE=CLOCK)	Use -1 only on CLOCK params; for FILE params, write the actual string the sysfs node expects.
Module dies / fails to boot after edit	CORE_0 was offlined, or the mode dropped below the platform's minimum quiescent envelope	Keep CORE_0 online; floor MIN_FREQ per the Power Estimator's lowest-power profile for the SKU.
nvpmodel -m <id> returns "ID not found" at runtime	Mode ID was removed or renumbered but a rootfs script still references the old ID	grep -rn 'nvpmodel -m' rootfs/etc rootfs/opt and update / remove the stale references.
Change vanished after /jetson-init-image re-extract	Edit landed in <bsp_image.root_path> instead of <source.root_path> overlay	Re-apply via the Overlay edit recipe so the change is committed in the overlay tracker.
_super sibling lost elevated caps after propagation	Blanket file copy clobbered _super's higher MAX_FREQ/MIN_FREQ	Port only the structural change; preserve _super's caps per Propagation set.
Parser rejects new POWER_MODEL block	Header < … > not at column 0, missing space after < or before >, or PARAM not declared earlier	Restore strict header formatting; ensure every referenced PARAM_NAME appears in a < PARAM ... > block above.

Deploy

The customization commit in the overlay tracker does not reach the device on its own. The Deploy chain:

1. /jetson-promote-image — copies every tracked file in the overlay into <bsp_image.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/. Diff-aware (skip byte-identical); uses sudo cp -p for rootfs/* destinations.
2. /jetson-flash-image — flashes the updated bsp_image to the device.
3. (Alternate, no flash) Copy <source.root_path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/etc/nvpmodel/<conf> directly to the running target's /etc/nvpmodel/<conf>, then sudo nvpmodel -m <id> (or reboot to pick up the new DEFAULT=).

Editing <source.root_path>/... without committing — or editing <bsp_image.root_path>/... directly — does nothing for /jetson-promote-image and is silently lost on the next /jetson-init-image re-extract.