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Perl Testing Framework

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Comprehensive testing strategy for Perl applications.

by affaan-m239.3k stars on affaan-m/ecc
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Updated Aug 10, 2026
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What Perl Testing Framework does

The Perl Testing Framework skill provides a robust approach to testing Perl applications using established methodologies like Test2::V0 and Test::More. It emphasizes Test-Driven Development (TDD) principles, guiding users through the RED-GREEN-REFACTOR cycle to ensure code quality and reliability. This skill is designed for developers working with Perl who need to implement effective testing strategies or enhance existing ones.

The framework supports various testing needs, from writing new tests for Perl code to reviewing test coverage and debugging failing tests. It facilitates the transition from the older Test::More module to the more modern Test2::V0, which offers enhanced features such as better diagnostics and extensibility. Users can organize their tests systematically, leveraging the provided directory structure for unit and integration tests, ensuring a clear and maintainable testing workflow.

Additionally, the skill includes practical examples of using assertions, conditional skips, and TODO tests, providing a comprehensive reference for both novice and experienced Perl developers. The use of subtests allows for better organization of test cases, which can significantly improve clarity and maintainability of test outputs. This skill is particularly useful for teams adopting TDD practices or those looking to improve their testing infrastructure in Perl applications.

When to use it

Use this skill when developing new Perl applications or when you need to enhance the testing framework of existing projects, especially under a TDD approach.

When not to use it

This skill may not be suitable for projects that do not use Perl or for those that require testing frameworks outside of the Perl ecosystem.

What you can build with it

Implementing TDD in New Projects

When starting a new Perl project, this skill helps establish a solid testing foundation by following TDD principles.

Migrating Tests to Test2::V0

Use this skill to transition existing tests from Test::More to Test2::V0, taking advantage of modern testing features.

Debugging Failing Tests

When encountering failing tests, this skill provides strategies and examples to help identify and resolve issues efficiently.

How to install Perl Testing Framework

View source

1. Install with the skills CLI

npx skills add affaan-m/ecc/perl-testing --agent claude-code

2. Or install it manually

Download the skill folder and drop it into ~/.claude/skills/ for all projects, or .claude/skills/ to scope it to one repo. Restart Claude Code so it picks up the new skill.

Anthropic's agentic coding CLI, and the reference implementation of Agent Skills. Drop a skill folder into ~/.claude/skills and Claude Code loads it automatically whenever a task matches the skill's description. Claude Code docs

Inside SKILL.md

Written by affaan-m

Perl 测试模式

使用 Test2::V0、Test::More、prove 和 TDD 方法论为 Perl 应用程序提供全面的测试策略。

何时激活

  • 编写新的 Perl 代码(遵循 TDD:红、绿、重构)
  • 为 Perl 模块或应用程序设计测试套件
  • 审查 Perl 测试覆盖率
  • 设置 Perl 测试基础设施
  • 将测试从 Test::More 迁移到 Test2::V0
  • 调试失败的 Perl 测试

TDD 工作流程

始终遵循 RED-GREEN-REFACTOR 循环。

# Step 1: RED — Write a failing test
# t/unit/calculator.t
use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;

use lib 'lib';
use Calculator;

subtest 'addition' => sub {
    my $calc = Calculator->new;
    is($calc->add(2, 3), 5, 'adds two numbers');
    is($calc->add(-1, 1), 0, 'handles negatives');
};

done_testing;

# Step 2: GREEN — Write minimal implementation
# lib/Calculator.pm
package Calculator;
use v5.36;
use Moo;

sub add($self, $a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}

1;

# Step 3: REFACTOR — Improve while tests stay green
# Run: prove -lv t/unit/calculator.t

Test::More 基础

标准的 Perl 测试模块 —— 广泛使用,随核心发行。

基本断言

use v5.36;
use Test::More;

# Plan upfront or use done_testing
# plan tests => 5;  # Fixed plan (optional)

# Equality
is($result, 42, 'returns correct value');
isnt($result, 0, 'not zero');

# Boolean
ok($user->is_active, 'user is active');
ok(!$user->is_banned, 'user is not banned');

# Deep comparison
is_deeply(
    $got,
    { name => 'Alice', roles => ['admin'] },
    'returns expected structure'
);

# Pattern matching
like($error, qr/not found/i, 'error mentions not found');
unlike($output, qr/password/, 'output hides password');

# Type check
isa_ok($obj, 'MyApp::User');
can_ok($obj, 'save', 'delete');

done_testing;

SKIP 和 TODO

use v5.36;
use Test::More;

# Skip tests conditionally
SKIP: {
    skip 'No database configured', 2 unless $ENV{TEST_DB};

    my $db = connect_db();
    ok($db->ping, 'database is reachable');
    is($db->version, '15', 'correct PostgreSQL version');
}

# Mark expected failures
TODO: {
    local $TODO = 'Caching not yet implemented';
    is($cache->get('key'), 'value', 'cache returns value');
}

done_testing;

Test2::V0 现代框架

Test2::V0 是 Test::More 的现代替代品 —— 更丰富的断言、更好的诊断和可扩展性。

为什么选择 Test2?

  • 使用哈希/数组构建器进行卓越的深层比较
  • 失败时提供更好的诊断输出
  • 具有更清晰作用域的子测试
  • 可通过 Test2::Tools::* 插件扩展
  • 与 Test::More 测试向后兼容

使用构建器进行深层比较

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;

# Hash builder — check partial structure
is(
    $user->to_hash,
    hash {
        field name  => 'Alice';
        field email => match(qr/\@example\.com$/);
        field age   => validator(sub { $_ >= 18 });
        # Ignore other fields
        etc();
    },
    'user has expected fields'
);

# Array builder
is(
    $result,
    array {
        item 'first';
        item match(qr/^second/);
        item DNE();  # Does Not Exist — verify no extra items
    },
    'result matches expected list'
);

# Bag — order-independent comparison
is(
    $tags,
    bag {
        item 'perl';
        item 'testing';
        item 'tdd';
    },
    'has all required tags regardless of order'
);

子测试

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;

subtest 'User creation' => sub {
    my $user = User->new(name => 'Alice', email => 'alice@example.com');
    ok($user, 'user object created');
    is($user->name, 'Alice', 'name is set');
    is($user->email, 'alice@example.com', 'email is set');
};

subtest 'User validation' => sub {
    my $warnings = warns {
        User->new(name => '', email => 'bad');
    };
    ok($warnings, 'warns on invalid data');
};

done_testing;

使用 Test2 进行异常测试

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;

# Test that code dies
like(
    dies { divide(10, 0) },
    qr/Division by zero/,
    'dies on division by zero'
);

# Test that code lives
ok(lives { divide(10, 2) }, 'division succeeds') or note($@);

# Combined pattern
subtest 'error handling' => sub {
    ok(lives { parse_config('valid.json') }, 'valid config parses');
    like(
        dies { parse_config('missing.json') },
        qr/Cannot open/,
        'missing file dies with message'
    );
};

done_testing;

测试组织与 prove

目录结构

t/
├── 00-load.t              # 验证模块编译
├── 01-basic.t             # 核心功能
├── unit/
│   ├── config.t           # 按模块划分的单元测试
│   ├── user.t
│   └── util.t
├── integration/
│   ├── database.t
│   └── api.t
├── lib/
│   └── TestHelper.pm      # 共享测试工具
└── fixtures/
    ├── config.json        # 测试数据文件
    └── users.csv

prove 命令

# Run all tests
prove -l t/

# Verbose output
prove -lv t/

# Run specific test
prove -lv t/unit/user.t

# Recursive search
prove -lr t/

# Parallel execution (8 jobs)
prove -lr -j8 t/

# Run only failing tests from last run
prove -l --state=failed t/

# Colored output with timer
prove -l --color --timer t/

# TAP output for CI
prove -l --formatter TAP::Formatter::JUnit t/ > results.xml

.proverc 配置

-l
--color
--timer
-r
-j4
--state=save

夹具与设置/拆卸

子测试隔离

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use File::Temp qw(tempdir);
use Path::Tiny;

subtest 'file processing' => sub {
    # Setup
    my $dir = tempdir(CLEANUP => 1);
    my $file = path($dir, 'input.txt');
    $file->spew_utf8("line1\nline2\nline3\n");

    # Test
    my $result = process_file("$file");
    is($result->{line_count}, 3, 'counts lines');

    # Teardown happens automatically (CLEANUP => 1)
};

共享测试助手

将可重用的助手放在 t/lib/TestHelper.pm 中,并通过 use lib 't/lib' 加载。通过 Exporter 导出工厂函数,例如 create_test_db()create_temp_dir()fixture_path()

模拟

Test::MockModule

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use Test::MockModule;

subtest 'mock external API' => sub {
    my $mock = Test::MockModule->new('MyApp::API');

    # Good: Mock returns controlled data
    $mock->mock(fetch_user => sub ($self, $id) {
        return { id => $id, name => 'Mock User', email => 'mock@test.com' };
    });

    my $api = MyApp::API->new;
    my $user = $api->fetch_user(42);
    is($user->{name}, 'Mock User', 'returns mocked user');

    # Verify call count
    my $call_count = 0;
    $mock->mock(fetch_user => sub { $call_count++; return {} });
    $api->fetch_user(1);
    $api->fetch_user(2);
    is($call_count, 2, 'fetch_user called twice');

    # Mock is automatically restored when $mock goes out of scope
};

# Bad: Monkey-patching without restoration
# *MyApp::API::fetch_user = sub { ... };  # NEVER — leaks across tests

对于轻量级的模拟对象,使用 Test::MockObject 创建可注入的测试替身,使用 ->mock() 并验证调用 ->called_ok()

使用 Devel::Cover 进行覆盖率分析

运行覆盖率分析

# Basic coverage report
cover -test

# Or step by step
perl -MDevel::Cover -Ilib t/unit/user.t
cover

# HTML report
cover -report html
open cover_db/coverage.html

# Specific thresholds
cover -test -report text | grep 'Total'

# CI-friendly: fail under threshold
cover -test && cover -report text -select '^lib/' \
  | perl -ne 'if (/Total.*?(\d+\.\d+)/) { exit 1 if $1 < 80 }'

集成测试

对数据库测试使用内存中的 SQLite,对 API 测试模拟 HTTP::Tiny。

use v5.36;
use Test2::V0;
use DBI;

subtest 'database integration' => sub {
    my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:SQLite:dbname=:memory:', '', '', {
        RaiseError => 1,
    });
    $dbh->do('CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)');

    $dbh->prepare('INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)')->execute('Alice');
    my $row = $dbh->selectrow_hashref('SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = ?', undef, 'Alice');
    is($row->{name}, 'Alice', 'inserted and retrieved user');
};

done_testing;

最佳实践

应做事项

  • 遵循 TDD:在实现之前编写测试(红-绿-重构)
  • 使用 Test2::V0:现代断言,更好的诊断
  • 使用子测试:分组相关断言,隔离状态
  • 模拟外部依赖:网络、数据库、文件系统
  • 使用 prove -l:始终将 lib/ 包含在 @INC
  • 清晰命名测试'user login with invalid password fails'
  • 测试边界情况:空字符串、undef、零、边界值
  • 目标 80%+ 覆盖率:专注于业务逻辑路径
  • 保持测试快速:模拟 I/O,使用内存数据库

禁止事项

  • 不要测试实现:测试行为和输出,而非内部细节
  • 不要在子测试之间共享状态:每个子测试都应是独立的
  • 不要跳过 done_testing:确保所有计划的测试都已运行
  • 不要过度模拟:仅模拟边界,而非被测试的代码
  • 不要在新项目中使用 Test::More:首选 Test2::V0
  • 不要忽略测试失败:所有测试必须在合并前通过
  • 不要测试 CPAN 模块:相信库能正常工作
  • 不要编写脆弱的测试:避免过度具体的字符串匹配

快速参考

任务命令 / 模式
运行所有测试prove -lr t/
详细运行单个测试prove -lv t/unit/user.t
并行测试运行prove -lr -j8 t/
覆盖率报告cover -test && cover -report html
测试相等性is($got, $expected, 'label')
深层比较is($got, hash { field k => 'v'; etc() }, 'label')
测试异常like(dies { ... }, qr/msg/, 'label')
测试无异常ok(lives { ... }, 'label')
模拟一个方法Test::MockModule->new('Pkg')->mock(m => sub { ... })
跳过测试SKIP: { skip 'reason', $count unless $cond; ... }
TODO 测试TODO: { local $TODO = 'reason'; ... }

常见陷阱

忘记 done_testing

# Bad: Test file runs but doesn't verify all tests executed
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
# Missing done_testing — silent bugs if test code is skipped

# Good: Always end with done_testing
use Test2::V0;
is(1, 1, 'works');
done_testing;

缺少 -l 标志

# Bad: Modules in lib/ not found
prove t/unit/user.t
# Can't locate MyApp/User.pm in @INC

# Good: Include lib/ in @INC
prove -l t/unit/user.t

过度模拟

模拟依赖项,而非被测试的代码。如果你的测试只验证模拟返回了你告诉它的内容,那么它什么也没测试。

测试污染

在子测试内部使用 my 变量 —— 永远不要用 our —— 以防止状态在测试之间泄漏。

记住:测试是你的安全网。保持它们快速、专注和独立。新项目使用 Test2::V0,运行使用 prove,问责使用 Devel::Cover。

Frequently asked questions about Perl Testing Framework

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