Querying ClickHouse via Metabase

PostHog's production ClickHouse clusters are reachable for ad-hoc analysis through internal Metabase instances. Both Metabases sit behind an AWS ALB with Cognito OAuth, so authentication is SSO-gated — Metabase API keys alone won't work.

This skill is for system.query_log analysis from inside the posthog repo. For pre-built canned queries (slow query summaries, materialization analysis), see the query-performance-analysis repo, which is the source of truth for those and uses the same Metabase API surface.

Environment

Region	Metabase URL
US	https://metabase.prod-us.posthog.dev
EU	https://metabase.prod-eu.posthog.dev

Database IDs are not stable — they change when Metabase's metadata DB is rebuilt or connections are re-added. Never hardcode an ID. Always discover the current list:

hogli metabase:databases --region us
hogli metabase:databases --region eu

Regional layout (names may vary; re-check with metabase:databases):

• US exposes one ClickHouse database (used for query_log and data reads).
• EU exposes two ClickHouse databases — a query tier (use for query_log analysis) and a data tier (production reads: events, persons, etc.). Pick the one whose name indicates the query tier.
• Both Metabases also expose Postgres databases (the app DB) and, on EU, the ingestion-layer and migrations databases.

Authentication

Use hogli to get a valid cookie. It opens the system browser for SSO, captures cookies from the user's logged-in browser profile, and caches them at ~/.config/posthog/metabase/cookie-{region} (mode 0600).

# Log in once per region. --region is required (no default — you pick which one).
# Already-valid sessions are fast-pathed (no browser tab opens), so re-running
# is cheap.
hogli metabase:login --region us
hogli metabase:login --region eu

Prompt the user to run hogli metabase:login themselves — the harness blocks Keychain access from agent shells, so the user has to authenticate interactively.

Agents: use metabase:query

hogli metabase:query reads the cached cookie internally and only emits results — the session value never appears in the agent's transcript. metabase:cookie exists for humans who want to hand-roll curl against Metabase.

Running an ad-hoc query

1. Discover the current ClickHouse DB ID: hogli metabase:databases --region <region>.
2. Pass that ID into hogli metabase:query. Pipe SQL via stdin or --file.

# 1. Find the ClickHouse database ID for your region
hogli metabase:databases --region us
# e.g. output row:  42  ClickHouse  clickhouse

# 2. Run the query. The cookie is read internally; nothing leaks to stdout.
hogli metabase:query --region us --database-id 42 --save /tmp/out.tsv <<'SQL'
SELECT
    JSONExtractInt(log_comment, 'team_id') AS team_id,
    count() AS query_count,
    formatReadableSize(sum(read_bytes)) AS total_bytes
FROM clusterAllReplicas(posthog, system, query_log)
WHERE event_time > now() - INTERVAL 1 DAY
    AND is_initial_query
    AND query_duration_ms > 30000
GROUP BY team_id
ORDER BY query_count DESC
LIMIT 20
SQL

clusterAllReplicas(posthog, system, query_log) is the standard table reference — it fans out across the cluster.

For large result sets, use --save <path> so rows land in a file rather than streaming through the terminal/transcript. Default output is TSV; --format json gives you the raw /api/dataset response body.

If the DB ID is wrong, metabase:query exits non-zero with a pointer back to metabase:databases. Fail-fast is intentional — silently querying the wrong database is worse than failing.

What counts as a slow query

query_duration_ms > 30000
OR exception_code IN (159, 160, 241)

Code	Meaning
159	TIMEOUT_EXCEEDED
160	TOO_SLOW
241	MEMORY_LIMIT_EXCEEDED

Useful query patterns

Top slow queries in the last 24h

SELECT
    query_id,
    JSONExtractInt(log_comment, 'team_id') AS team_id,
    query_duration_ms,
    formatReadableSize(memory_usage) AS memory,
    formatReadableSize(read_bytes) AS read_bytes,
    exception_code,
    substring(query, 1, 200) AS query_preview
FROM clusterAllReplicas(posthog, system, query_log)
WHERE event_time > now() - INTERVAL 1 DAY
    AND type = 'QueryFinish'
    AND (query_duration_ms > 30000 OR exception_code IN (159, 160, 241))
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'workload') NOT IN ('Workload.OFFLINE', 'OFFLINE')
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'kind') NOT IN ('temporal')
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'access_method') NOT IN ('personal_api_key')
    AND is_initial_query
    AND JSONExtractInt(log_comment, 'team_id') != 0
ORDER BY query_duration_ms DESC
LIMIT 100

Per-team query cost summary (7d)

SELECT
    JSONExtractInt(log_comment, 'team_id') AS team_id,
    count() AS queries,
    countIf(query_duration_ms > 30000) AS slow_queries,
    formatReadableSize(sum(read_bytes)) AS total_read,
    formatReadableSize(max(memory_usage)) AS peak_memory,
    quantile(0.95)(query_duration_ms) AS p95_duration_ms
FROM clusterAllReplicas(posthog, system, query_log)
WHERE event_time > now() - INTERVAL 7 DAY
    AND type = 'QueryFinish'
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'workload') NOT IN ('Workload.OFFLINE', 'OFFLINE')
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'kind') NOT IN ('temporal')
    AND JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'access_method') NOT IN ('personal_api_key')
    AND is_initial_query
    AND JSONExtractInt(log_comment, 'team_id') != 0
GROUP BY team_id
ORDER BY total_read DESC
LIMIT 20

Look up a specific query by query_id

Saved card available in both regions — match the URL to where the query ran:

# US
https://metabase.prod-us.posthog.dev/question/795-look-up-query-by-query-id?query_id=<ID>&include_query_start=No&event_date=<YYYY-MM-DD>

# EU (same card ID may differ — find it in EU Metabase if 795 doesn't resolve)
https://metabase.prod-eu.posthog.dev/question/795-look-up-query-by-query-id?query_id=<ID>&include_query_start=No&event_date=<YYYY-MM-DD>

The same can be reproduced programmatically with a WHERE query_id = '...' clause via /api/dataset against the right region's DB ID.

Parsing Metabase responses

{
  "data": {
    "cols": [{"name": "team_id", "base_type": "type/Integer"}, ...],
    "rows": [[55348, 142, "1.23 TiB"], ...]
  },
  "status": "completed",
  "row_count": 20
}

Quick TSV pipe:

... | python3 -c "
import json, sys
d = json.load(sys.stdin)
cols = [c['name'] for c in d['data']['cols']]
print('\t'.join(cols))
for row in d['data']['rows']:
    print('\t'.join(str(v) for v in row))
"

Error responses

Symptom	Cause	Fix
HTTP 302 to /auth/...	Cookie expired or missing	Tell user to run hogli metabase:login --region <region>
HTTP 401	Cookie rejected by ALB	Same as 302
"status": "failed" + error	ClickHouse error (syntax, table, etc.)	Read error; fix SQL
Hangs / timeout	Wide query_log scan	Narrow event_time range, add team_id filter, use cluster()

Investigation workflow

1. Frame the question. Slow per-team? Specific query pattern? Cost/memory regression?
2. Pick the smallest time window that still answers the question — query_log is large; default to 1h–24h, expand only when needed.
3. Filter to type = 'QueryFinish' for "what actually ran" — there are also QueryStart and ExceptionBeforeStart rows.
4. Group then drill in. First a per-team or per-pattern aggregate, then WHERE by the worst offender to see individual queries.
5. Capture query_id examples in any writeup so reviewers can pull the full row from query_log themselves.

Known limitations

• Metabase response timeout. Default is ~60s for native queries; very wide scans will be cut off. Narrow time range or use sampled tables.
• log_comment JSON drift. New fields appear over time; JSONExtractString(log_comment, 'foo') returns '' if missing — always include an IS NOT NULL / != '' guard if filtering on it.
• Cookie scope. Each region has its own cookie cache. Run hogli metabase:login --region <region> for every region you need; --region is required.