CCXT for Go

A comprehensive guide to using CCXT in Go projects for cryptocurrency exchange integration.

Installation

REST API

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4

WebSocket API (ccxt.pro)

go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro

Quick Start

REST API

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    fmt.Println(ticker)
}

WebSocket API - Real-time Updates

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"
)

func main() {
    exchange := binance.New()
    defer exchange.Close()

    for {
        ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // Live updates!
    }
}

REST vs WebSocket

Feature	REST API	WebSocket API
Use for	One-time queries, placing orders	Real-time monitoring, live price feeds
Import	github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/{exchange}	github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/{exchange}
Methods	Fetch* (FetchTicker, FetchOrderBook)	Watch* (WatchTicker, WatchOrderBook)
Speed	Slower (HTTP request/response)	Faster (persistent connection)
Rate limits	Strict (1-2 req/sec)	More lenient (continuous stream)
Best for	Trading, account management	Price monitoring, arbitrage detection

Important: All methods return (result, error) - always check errors!

Creating Exchange Instance

REST API

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Public API (no authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Recommended!

// Private API (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

WebSocket API

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

// Public WebSocket
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

// Private WebSocket (with authentication)
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

Common REST Operations

Loading Markets

// Load all available trading pairs
markets, err := exchange.LoadMarkets()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}

// Access market information
btcMarket := exchange.Market("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(btcMarket.Limits.Amount.Min)  // Minimum order amount

Fetching Ticker

// Single ticker
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)      // Last price
fmt.Println(ticker.Bid)       // Best bid
fmt.Println(ticker.Ask)       // Best ask
fmt.Println(ticker.Volume)    // 24h volume

// Multiple tickers (if supported)
tickers, err := exchange.FetchTickers([]string{"BTC/USDT", "ETH/USDT"})

Fetching Order Book

// Full orderbook
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(orderbook.Bids[0])  // [price, amount]
fmt.Println(orderbook.Asks[0])  // [price, amount]

// Limited depth
limit := 5
orderbook, err := exchange.FetchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", &limit)

Creating Orders

Limit Order

// Buy limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(order.Id)

// Sell limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateLimitSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, 60000, nil)

// Generic limit order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)

Market Order

// Buy market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketBuyOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Sell market order
order, err := exchange.CreateMarketSellOrder("BTC/USDT", 0.01, nil)

// Generic market order
order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "market", "sell", 0.01, nil, nil)

Fetching Balance

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Free)   // Available balance
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Used)   // Balance in orders
fmt.Println(balance["BTC"].Total)  // Total balance

Fetching Orders

// Open orders
openOrders, err := exchange.FetchOpenOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Closed orders
closedOrders, err := exchange.FetchClosedOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// All orders (open + closed)
allOrders, err := exchange.FetchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

// Single order by ID
order, err := exchange.FetchOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

Fetching Trades

// Recent public trades
limit := 10
trades, err := exchange.FetchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, &limit, nil)

// Your trades (requires authentication)
myTrades, err := exchange.FetchMyTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)

Canceling Orders

// Cancel single order
err := exchange.CancelOrder(orderId, "BTC/USDT", nil)

// Cancel all orders for a symbol
err := exchange.CancelAllOrders("BTC/USDT", nil)

WebSocket Operations (Real-time)

Watching Ticker (Live Price Updates)

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last, ticker.Timestamp)
}

Watching Order Book (Live Depth Updates)

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orderbook, err := exchange.WatchOrderBook("BTC/USDT", nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("Best bid:", orderbook.Bids[0])
    fmt.Println("Best ask:", orderbook.Asks[0])
}

Watching Trades (Live Trade Stream)

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    trades, err := exchange.WatchTrades("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, trade := range trades {
        fmt.Println(trade.Price, trade.Amount, trade.Side)
    }
}

Watching Your Orders (Live Order Updates)

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    orders, err := exchange.WatchOrders("BTC/USDT", nil, nil, nil)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    for _, order := range orders {
        fmt.Println(order.Id, order.Status, order.Filled)
    }
}

Watching Balance (Live Balance Updates)

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY"
exchange.Secret = "YOUR_SECRET"
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    balance, err := exchange.WatchBalance()
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println("BTC:", balance["BTC"])
    fmt.Println("USDT:", balance["USDT"])
}

Complete Method Reference

Market Data Methods

Tickers & Prices

• fetchTicker(symbol) - Fetch ticker for one symbol
• fetchTickers([symbols]) - Fetch multiple tickers at once
• fetchBidsAsks([symbols]) - Fetch best bid/ask for multiple symbols
• fetchLastPrices([symbols]) - Fetch last prices
• fetchMarkPrices([symbols]) - Fetch mark prices (derivatives)

Order Books

• fetchOrderBook(symbol, limit) - Fetch order book
• fetchOrderBooks([symbols]) - Fetch multiple order books
• fetchL2OrderBook(symbol) - Fetch level 2 order book
• fetchL3OrderBook(symbol) - Fetch level 3 order book (if supported)

Trades

• fetchTrades(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch public trades
• fetchMyTrades(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch your trades (auth required)
• fetchOrderTrades(orderId, symbol) - Fetch trades for specific order

OHLCV (Candlesticks)

• fetchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - Fetch candlestick data
• fetchIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch index price OHLCV
• fetchMarkOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch mark price OHLCV
• fetchPremiumIndexOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Fetch premium index OHLCV

Account & Balance

• fetchBalance() - Fetch account balance (auth required)
• fetchAccounts() - Fetch sub-accounts
• fetchLedger(code, since, limit) - Fetch ledger history
• fetchLedgerEntry(id, code) - Fetch specific ledger entry
• fetchTransactions(code, since, limit) - Fetch transactions
• fetchDeposits(code, since, limit) - Fetch deposit history
• fetchWithdrawals(code, since, limit) - Fetch withdrawal history
• fetchDepositsWithdrawals(code, since, limit) - Fetch both deposits and withdrawals

Trading Methods

Creating Orders

• createOrder(symbol, type, side, amount, price, params) - Create order (generic)
• createLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Create limit order
• createMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount) - Create market order
• createLimitBuyOrder(symbol, amount, price) - Buy limit order
• createLimitSellOrder(symbol, amount, price) - Sell limit order
• createMarketBuyOrder(symbol, amount) - Buy market order
• createMarketSellOrder(symbol, amount) - Sell market order
• createMarketBuyOrderWithCost(symbol, cost) - Buy with specific cost
• createStopLimitOrder(symbol, side, amount, price, stopPrice) - Stop-limit order
• createStopMarketOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice) - Stop-market order
• createStopLossOrder(symbol, side, amount, stopPrice) - Stop-loss order
• createTakeProfitOrder(symbol, side, amount, takeProfitPrice) - Take-profit order
• createTrailingAmountOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingAmount) - Trailing stop
• createTrailingPercentOrder(symbol, side, amount, trailingPercent) - Trailing stop %
• createTriggerOrder(symbol, side, amount, triggerPrice) - Trigger order
• createPostOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Post-only order
• createReduceOnlyOrder(symbol, side, amount, price) - Reduce-only order
• createOrders([orders]) - Create multiple orders at once
• createOrderWithTakeProfitAndStopLoss(symbol, type, side, amount, price, tpPrice, slPrice) - OCO order

Managing Orders

• fetchOrder(orderId, symbol) - Fetch single order
• fetchOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch all orders
• fetchOpenOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch open orders
• fetchClosedOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch closed orders
• fetchCanceledOrders(symbol, since, limit) - Fetch canceled orders
• fetchOpenOrder(orderId, symbol) - Fetch specific open order
• fetchOrdersByStatus(status, symbol) - Fetch orders by status
• cancelOrder(orderId, symbol) - Cancel single order
• cancelOrders([orderIds], symbol) - Cancel multiple orders
• cancelAllOrders(symbol) - Cancel all orders for symbol
• editOrder(orderId, symbol, type, side, amount, price) - Modify order

Margin & Leverage

• fetchBorrowRate(code) - Fetch borrow rate for margin
• fetchBorrowRates([codes]) - Fetch multiple borrow rates
• fetchBorrowRateHistory(code, since, limit) - Historical borrow rates
• fetchCrossBorrowRate(code) - Cross margin borrow rate
• fetchIsolatedBorrowRate(symbol, code) - Isolated margin borrow rate
• borrowMargin(code, amount, symbol) - Borrow margin
• repayMargin(code, amount, symbol) - Repay margin
• fetchLeverage(symbol) - Fetch leverage
• setLeverage(leverage, symbol) - Set leverage
• fetchLeverageTiers(symbols) - Fetch leverage tiers
• fetchMarketLeverageTiers(symbol) - Leverage tiers for market
• setMarginMode(marginMode, symbol) - Set margin mode (cross/isolated)
• fetchMarginMode(symbol) - Fetch margin mode

Derivatives & Futures

Positions

• fetchPosition(symbol) - Fetch single position
• fetchPositions([symbols]) - Fetch all positions
• fetchPositionsForSymbol(symbol) - Fetch positions for symbol
• fetchPositionHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Position history
• fetchPositionsHistory(symbols, since, limit) - Multiple position history
• fetchPositionMode(symbol) - Fetch position mode (one-way/hedge)
• setPositionMode(hedged, symbol) - Set position mode
• closePosition(symbol, side) - Close position
• closeAllPositions() - Close all positions

Funding & Settlement

• fetchFundingRate(symbol) - Current funding rate
• fetchFundingRates([symbols]) - Multiple funding rates
• fetchFundingRateHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Funding rate history
• fetchFundingHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Your funding payments
• fetchFundingInterval(symbol) - Funding interval
• fetchSettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Settlement history
• fetchMySettlementHistory(symbol, since, limit) - Your settlement history

Open Interest & Liquidations

• fetchOpenInterest(symbol) - Open interest for symbol
• fetchOpenInterests([symbols]) - Multiple open interests
• fetchOpenInterestHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - OI history
• fetchLiquidations(symbol, since, limit) - Public liquidations
• fetchMyLiquidations(symbol, since, limit) - Your liquidations

Options

• fetchOption(symbol) - Fetch option info
• fetchOptionChain(code) - Fetch option chain
• fetchGreeks(symbol) - Fetch option greeks
• fetchVolatilityHistory(code, since, limit) - Volatility history
• fetchUnderlyingAssets() - Fetch underlying assets

Fees & Limits

• fetchTradingFee(symbol) - Trading fee for symbol
• fetchTradingFees([symbols]) - Trading fees for multiple symbols
• fetchTradingLimits([symbols]) - Trading limits
• fetchTransactionFee(code) - Transaction/withdrawal fee
• fetchTransactionFees([codes]) - Multiple transaction fees
• fetchDepositWithdrawFee(code) - Deposit/withdrawal fee
• fetchDepositWithdrawFees([codes]) - Multiple deposit/withdraw fees

Deposits & Withdrawals

• fetchDepositAddress(code, params) - Get deposit address
• fetchDepositAddresses([codes]) - Multiple deposit addresses
• fetchDepositAddressesByNetwork(code) - Addresses by network
• createDepositAddress(code, params) - Create new deposit address
• fetchDeposit(id, code) - Fetch single deposit
• fetchWithdrawal(id, code) - Fetch single withdrawal
• fetchWithdrawAddresses(code) - Fetch withdrawal addresses
• fetchWithdrawalWhitelist(code) - Fetch whitelist
• withdraw(code, amount, address, tag, params) - Withdraw funds
• deposit(code, amount, params) - Deposit funds (if supported)

Transfer & Convert

• transfer(code, amount, fromAccount, toAccount) - Internal transfer
• fetchTransfer(id, code) - Fetch transfer info
• fetchTransfers(code, since, limit) - Fetch transfer history
• fetchConvertCurrencies() - Currencies available for convert
• fetchConvertQuote(fromCode, toCode, amount) - Get conversion quote
• createConvertTrade(fromCode, toCode, amount) - Execute conversion
• fetchConvertTrade(id) - Fetch convert trade
• fetchConvertTradeHistory(code, since, limit) - Convert history

Market Info

• fetchMarkets() - Fetch all markets
• fetchCurrencies() - Fetch all currencies
• fetchTime() - Fetch exchange server time
• fetchStatus() - Fetch exchange status
• fetchBorrowInterest(code, symbol, since, limit) - Borrow interest paid
• fetchLongShortRatio(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - Long/short ratio
• fetchLongShortRatioHistory(symbol, timeframe, since, limit) - L/S ratio history

WebSocket Methods (ccxt.pro)

All REST methods have WebSocket equivalents with watch* prefix:

Real-time Market Data

• watchTicker(symbol) - Watch single ticker
• watchTickers([symbols]) - Watch multiple tickers
• watchOrderBook(symbol) - Watch order book updates
• watchOrderBookForSymbols([symbols]) - Watch multiple order books
• watchTrades(symbol) - Watch public trades
• watchOHLCV(symbol, timeframe) - Watch candlestick updates
• watchBidsAsks([symbols]) - Watch best bid/ask

Real-time Account Data (Auth Required)

• watchBalance() - Watch balance updates
• watchOrders(symbol) - Watch your order updates
• watchMyTrades(symbol) - Watch your trade updates
• watchPositions([symbols]) - Watch position updates
• watchPositionsForSymbol(symbol) - Watch positions for symbol

Authentication Required

Methods marked with 🔒 require API credentials:

• All create* methods (creating orders, addresses)
• All cancel* methods (canceling orders)
• All edit* methods (modifying orders)
• All fetchMy* methods (your trades, orders)
• fetchBalance, fetchLedger, fetchAccounts
• withdraw, transfer, deposit
• Margin/leverage methods
• Position methods
• watchBalance, watchOrders, watchMyTrades, watchPositions

Checking Method Availability

Not all exchanges support all methods. Check before using:

// Check if method is supported
if (exchange.has['fetchOHLCV']) {
    const candles = await exchange.fetchOHLCV('BTC/USDT', '1h')
}

// Check multiple capabilities
console.log(exchange.has)
// {
//   fetchTicker: true,
//   fetchOHLCV: true,
//   fetchMyTrades: true,
//   fetchPositions: false,
//   ...
// }

Method Naming Convention

• fetch* - REST API methods (HTTP requests)
• watch* - WebSocket methods (real-time streams)
• create* - Create new resources (orders, addresses)
• cancel* - Cancel existing resources
• edit* - Modify existing resources
• set* - Configure settings (leverage, margin mode)
• *Ws suffix - WebSocket variant (some exchanges)

Proxy Configuration

CCXT supports HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS proxies for both REST and WebSocket connections.

Setting Proxy

// HTTP Proxy
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://your-proxy-host:port'

// HTTPS Proxy  
exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://your-proxy-host:port'

// SOCKS Proxy
exchange.socksProxy = 'socks://your-proxy-host:port'

// Proxy with authentication
exchange.httpProxy = 'http://user:pass@proxy-host:port'

Proxy for WebSocket

WebSocket connections also respect proxy settings:

exchange.httpsProxy = 'https://proxy:8080'
// WebSocket connections will use this proxy

Testing Proxy Connection

exchange.httpProxy = 'http://localhost:8080'
try {
    await exchange.fetchTicker('BTC/USDT')
    console.log('Proxy working!')
} catch (error) {
    console.error('Proxy connection failed:', error)
}

WebSocket-Specific Methods

Some exchanges provide WebSocket variants of REST methods for faster order placement and management. These use the *Ws suffix:

Trading via WebSocket

Creating Orders:

• createOrderWs - Create order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
• createLimitOrderWs - Create limit order via WebSocket
• createMarketOrderWs - Create market order via WebSocket
• createLimitBuyOrderWs - Buy limit order via WebSocket
• createLimitSellOrderWs - Sell limit order via WebSocket
• createMarketBuyOrderWs - Buy market order via WebSocket
• createMarketSellOrderWs - Sell market order via WebSocket
• createStopLimitOrderWs - Stop-limit order via WebSocket
• createStopMarketOrderWs - Stop-market order via WebSocket
• createStopLossOrderWs - Stop-loss order via WebSocket
• createTakeProfitOrderWs - Take-profit order via WebSocket
• createTrailingAmountOrderWs - Trailing stop via WebSocket
• createTrailingPercentOrderWs - Trailing stop % via WebSocket
• createPostOnlyOrderWs - Post-only order via WebSocket
• createReduceOnlyOrderWs - Reduce-only order via WebSocket

Managing Orders:

• editOrderWs - Edit order via WebSocket
• cancelOrderWs - Cancel order via WebSocket (faster than REST)
• cancelOrdersWs - Cancel multiple orders via WebSocket
• cancelAllOrdersWs - Cancel all orders via WebSocket

Fetching Data:

• fetchOrderWs - Fetch order via WebSocket
• fetchOrdersWs - Fetch orders via WebSocket
• fetchOpenOrdersWs - Fetch open orders via WebSocket
• fetchClosedOrdersWs - Fetch closed orders via WebSocket
• fetchMyTradesWs - Fetch your trades via WebSocket
• fetchBalanceWs - Fetch balance via WebSocket
• fetchPositionWs - Fetch position via WebSocket
• fetchPositionsWs - Fetch positions via WebSocket
• fetchPositionsForSymbolWs - Fetch positions for symbol via WebSocket
• fetchTradingFeesWs - Fetch trading fees via WebSocket

When to Use WebSocket Methods

Use *Ws methods when:

• You need faster order placement (lower latency)
• You're already connected via WebSocket
• You want to reduce REST API rate limit usage
• Trading strategies require sub-100ms latency

Use REST methods when:

• You need guaranteed execution confirmation
• You're making one-off requests
• The exchange doesn't support the WebSocket variant
• You need detailed error responses

Example: Order Placement Comparison

REST API (slower, more reliable):

const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

WebSocket API (faster, lower latency):

const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)

Checking WebSocket Method Availability

Not all exchanges support WebSocket trading methods:

if (exchange.has['createOrderWs']) {
    // Exchange supports WebSocket order creation
    const order = await exchange.createOrderWs('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
} else {
    // Fall back to REST
    const order = await exchange.createOrder('BTC/USDT', 'limit', 'buy', 0.01, 50000)
}

Authentication

Setting API Keys

import "os"

// During instantiation
exchange := binance.New()
exchange.ApiKey = os.Getenv("BINANCE_API_KEY")
exchange.Secret = os.Getenv("BINANCE_SECRET")
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

Testing Authentication

balance, err := exchange.FetchBalance()
if err != nil {
    if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.AuthenticationError); ok {
        fmt.Println("Invalid API credentials")
    } else {
        panic(err)
    }
} else {
    fmt.Println("Authentication successful!")
}

Error Handling

Error Types

BaseError
├─ NetworkError (recoverable - retry)
│  ├─ RequestTimeout
│  ├─ ExchangeNotAvailable
│  ├─ RateLimitExceeded
│  └─ DDoSProtection
└─ ExchangeError (non-recoverable - don't retry)
   ├─ AuthenticationError
   ├─ InsufficientFunds
   ├─ InvalidOrder
   └─ NotSupported

Basic Error Handling

import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/ccxt"

ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    switch e := err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.NetworkError:
        fmt.Println("Network error - retry:", e.Message)
    case *ccxt.ExchangeError:
        fmt.Println("Exchange error - do not retry:", e.Message)
    default:
        fmt.Println("Unknown error:", err)
    }
}

Specific Error Handling

order, err := exchange.CreateOrder("BTC/USDT", "limit", "buy", 0.01, 50000, nil)
if err != nil {
    switch err.(type) {
    case *ccxt.InsufficientFunds:
        fmt.Println("Not enough balance")
    case *ccxt.InvalidOrder:
        fmt.Println("Invalid order parameters")
    case *ccxt.RateLimitExceeded:
        fmt.Println("Rate limit hit - wait before retrying")
        time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
    case *ccxt.AuthenticationError:
        fmt.Println("Check your API credentials")
    default:
        panic(err)
    }
}

Retry Logic for Network Errors

import "time"

func fetchWithRetry(exchange *binance.Exchange, maxRetries int) (*ccxt.Ticker, error) {
    for i := 0; i < maxRetries; i++ {
        ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
        if err == nil {
            return ticker, nil
        }

        if _, ok := err.(*ccxt.NetworkError); ok && i < maxRetries-1 {
            fmt.Printf("Retry %d/%d\n", i+1, maxRetries)
            time.Sleep(time.Duration(i+1) * time.Second)  // Exponential backoff
        } else {
            return nil, err
        }
    }
    return nil, fmt.Errorf("all retries failed")
}

Rate Limiting

Built-in Rate Limiter (Recommended)

exchange := binance.New()
exchange.EnableRateLimit = true  // Automatically throttles requests

Manual Delays

import "time"

exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
time.Sleep(time.Duration(exchange.RateLimit) * time.Millisecond)
exchange.FetchTicker("ETH/USDT")

Checking Rate Limit

fmt.Println(exchange.RateLimit)  // Milliseconds between requests

Common Pitfalls

Not Checking Error Returns

// Wrong - ignores errors
ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)  // May panic if ticker is nil!

// Correct - check errors
ticker, err := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")
if err != nil {
    panic(err)
}
fmt.Println(ticker.Last)

Wrong Import Path

// Wrong - missing /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/binance"  // ERROR!

// Correct - must include /v4
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance"

// Correct - WebSocket with /v4/pro
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

Using REST for Real-time Monitoring

// Wrong - wastes rate limits
for {
    ticker, _ := exchange.FetchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // REST
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
    time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
}

// Correct - use WebSocket
import "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/pro/binance"

exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")  // WebSocket
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

Not Closing WebSocket Connections

// Wrong - memory leak
exchange := binance.New()
ticker, _ := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
// Forgot to close!

// Correct - always defer Close()
exchange := binance.New()
defer exchange.Close()

for {
    ticker, err := exchange.WatchTicker("BTC/USDT")
    if err != nil {
        break
    }
    fmt.Println(ticker.Last)
}

Incorrect Symbol Format

// Wrong symbol formats
"BTCUSDT"    // Wrong - no separator
"BTC-USDT"   // Wrong - dash separator
"btc/usdt"   // Wrong - lowercase

// Correct symbol format
"BTC/USDT"   // Unified CCXT format

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

1. "package github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/binance: cannot find package"

• Solution: Run go get github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4

2. "RateLimitExceeded"

• Solution: Set exchange.EnableRateLimit = true

3. "AuthenticationError"

• Solution: Check API key and secret
• Verify API key permissions on exchange
• Check system clock is synced

4. "InvalidNonce"

• Solution: Sync system clock
• Use only one exchange instance per API key

5. "InsufficientFunds"

• Solution: Check available balance (balance["BTC"].Free)
• Account for trading fees

6. "ExchangeNotAvailable"

• Solution: Check exchange status/maintenance
• Retry after a delay

Debugging

// Enable verbose logging
exchange.Verbose = true

// Check exchange capabilities
fmt.Println(exchange.Has)
// map[string]bool{
//   "fetchTicker": true,
//   "fetchOrderBook": true,
//   "createOrder": true,
//   ...
// }

// Check market information
market := exchange.Markets["BTC/USDT"]
fmt.Println(market)

// Check last request/response
fmt.Println(exchange.LastHttpResponse)
fmt.Println(exchange.LastJsonResponse)

Prediction Markets

CCXT supports prediction-market exchanges (Polymarket, Kalshi, Limitless, Myriad, Hyperliquid) in a dedicated go/v4/prediction package. They use the same unified API, but prices are quoted 0–1 (USDC per outcome share) and the tradeable unit is an outcome (e.g. a market's YES/NO token), not a regular market symbol.

import (
    ccxt "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4"
    ccxtprediction "github.com/ccxt/ccxt/go/v4/prediction"
)

ex := ccxtprediction.NewPolymarket(map[string]interface{}{})
ex.LoadMarkets() // outcomes load automatically (outcome handle, outcomeId, market, label)
// an outcome handle looks like 'TRUMP_OUT_PRESIDENT_2027:YES'
handle := "TRUMP_OUT_PRESIDENT_2027:YES"
ticker, _ := ex.FetchTicker(handle)
book, _ := ex.FetchOrderBook(handle)
// limit buy 5 YES shares @ 0.40 USDC (price is 0..1 per share)
order, err := ex.CreateOrder(handle, "limit", "buy", 5, ccxt.WithCreateOrderPrice(0.40))
if err == nil {
    ex.CancelOrder(*order.Id, ccxtprediction.WithCancelOrderOutcome(handle))
}

• Price/trade methods (FetchTicker, FetchOrderBook, FetchOHLCV, FetchTrades, CreateOrder, CancelOrder, …) take an outcome handle or outcomeId — passed positionally or via the With…Outcome / With…Outcomes option, not a market symbol.
• Discover markets via FetchEvents / FetchEvent (or LoadMarkets).

Learn More

• CCXT Manual
• CCXT Pro Documentation
• Supported Exchanges
• GitHub Repository